Archives of  The Purdey Environmental Home Page

 

Organophosphates, BSE, CJD, Manganese, Copper, Scrapie, Prions, Chronic Fatigue syndrome, Pesticides, Industrial Pollutants, Soils, Diet.

 

3.Haematology

  1. Mukherjee TM, Smith K, Maros K. Abnormal red-blood-cell morphology in myalgic encephalomyelitis.
    Lancet. 1987 Aug 8;2(8554):328-9.     No abstract available.
  2. Simpson LO. Nondiscocytic erythrocytes in myalgic encephalomyelitis. N Z Med J. 1989 Mar 22;102(864):126-7.
  3. Richards R.S. et al., Erythrocyte Morphology in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A preliminary study. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Vol.6 (1) 2000, p 23 – 31
  4. Dunstan RH, Roberts TK, Donohoe M, McGregor NR, Hope D, Taylor WG, Watkins JA, Murdoch RN, Butt HL. Bioaccumulated chlorinated hydrocarbons and red/white blood cell parameters. Biochem Mol Med. 1996 Jun;58(1):77-84.

4.GWS

  1. Haley RW, Kurt TL. Self-reported exposure to neurotoxic chemical combinations in the Gulf War. A cross-sectional epidemiologic study. JAMA. 1997 Jan 15;277(3):231-7
  2. Abou-Donia MB, Wilmarth KR, Jensen KF, Oehme FW, Kurt TL. Neurotoxicity resulting from coexposure to pyridostigmine bromide, deet, and permethrin: implications of Gulf War chemical exposures. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 May;48(1):35-56.
  3. Proctor SP, Heaton KJ, White RF, Wolfe J. Chemical sensitivity and chronic fatigue in Gulf War veterans: a brief report. J Occup Environ Med. 2001 Mar;43(3):259-64.
  4. Reid S, Hotopf M, Hull L, Ismail K, Unwin C, Wessely S. Multiple chemical sensitivity and chronic fatigue syndrome in British Gulf War veterans. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Mar 15;153(6):604-9
  5. Cherry N, Creed F, Silman A, Dunn G, Baxter D, Smedley J, Taylor S, Macfarlane GJ. Health and exposures of United Kingdom Gulf war veterans. Part II: The relation of health to exposure. Occup Environ Med. 2001 May;58(5):299-306.
  6. Cherry N, Creed F, Silman A, Dunn G, Baxter D, Smedley J, Taylor S, Macfarlane GJ. Health and exposures of United Kingdom Gulf war veterans. Part I: The pattern and extent of ill health. Occup Environ Med. 2001 May;58(5):291-8.
  7. Haley RW, Hom J, Roland PS, Bryan WW, Van Ness PC, Bonte FJ, Devous MD Sr, Mathews D, Fleckenstein JL, Wians FH Jr, Wolfe GI, Kurt TL. Evaluation of neurologic function in Gulf War veterans. A blinded case-control study. JAMA. 1997 Jan 15;277(3):223-30.
  8. Haley RW, Kurt TL, Hom J. Is there a Gulf War Syndrome? Searching for syndromes by factor analysis of symptoms.
    JAMA. 1997 Jan 15;277(3):215-22
  9. Amato AA, McVey A, Cha C, Matthews EC, Jackson CE, Kleingunther R, Worley L, Cornman E, Kagan-Hallet K. Evaluation of neuromuscular symptoms in veterans of the Persian Gulf War. Neurology. 1997 Jan;48(1):4-12.
  10. Amato AA, Jackson C, McVey A.Identification of Gulf War syndrome: methodological issues and medical illnesses. JAMA. 1997 Aug 6;278(5):384-5; discussion 385-7. No abstract available.
  11. Gilhooly PE, Ottenweller JE, Lange G, Tiersky L, Natelson BH. Chronic fatigue and sexual dysfunction in female Gulf War veterans. J Sex Marital Ther. 2001 Oct-Dec;27(5):483-7.
  12. Zhang Q, Zhou XD, Denny T, Ottenweller JE, Lange G, LaManca JJ, Lavietes MH, Pollet C, Gause WC, Natelson BH. Changes in immune parameters seen in Gulf War veterans but not in civilians with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1999 Jan;6(1):6-13.
  13. Davis SD, Kator SF, Wonnett JA, Pappas BL, Sall JL. Neurally mediated hypotension in fatigued Gulf War veterans: a preliminary report. Am J Med Sci. 2000 Feb;319(2):89-95.
  14. Compston JE, Vedi S, Stephen AB, Bord S, Lyons AR, Hodges SJ, Scammell BE. Reduced bone formation in UK Gulf War veterans: a bone histomorphometric study. J Clin Pathol. 2002 Dec;55(12):897-9.
  15. McCauley LA, Joos SK, Barkhuizen A, Shuell T, Tyree WA, Bourdette DN. Chronic fatigue in a population-based study of Gulf War veterans. Arch Environ Health. 2002 Jul-Aug;57(4):340-8.
  16. Ferguson E, Cassaday HJ. Theoretical accounts of Gulf War Syndrome: from environmental toxins to psychoneuroimmunology and neurodegeneration. Behav Neurol. 2001-2002;13(3-4):133-47. Review.
  17. Vojdani A, Thrasher JD Cellular and humoral immune abnormalities in Gulf War veterans.
    Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Jun;112(8):840-6.
  18. Menon PM, Nasrallah HA, Reeves RR, Ali JA. Hippocampal dysfunction in Gulf War Syndrome. A proton MR spectroscopy study. Brain Res. 2004 May 29;1009(1-2):189-94.
  19. Haley RW, Vongpatanasin W, Wolfe GI, Bryan WW, Armitage R, Hoffmann RF, Petty F, Callahan TS, Charuvastra E, Shell WE, Marshall WW, Victor RG. Blunted circadian variation in autonomic regulation of sinus node function in veterans with Gulf War syndrome. Am J Med. 2004 Oct 1;117(7):469-78.

5.RNase L anti viral pathway

  1. Robert J. Suhadolnik, Daniel L. Peterson, Paul R. Cheney, Susan E. Horvath, Nancy L. Reichenbach, Karen O'Brien, Vincent Lombardi, Suzanne Welsch, Elizabeth G. Furr, Ramamurthy Charubala and Wolfgang Pfleiderer : Biochemical Dysregulation of the 2-5A Synthetase/RNase L Antiviral Defense Pathway in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1999 Volume 5 Number 3 / 4 page 223-242
  2. Suhadolnik RJ, Peterson DL, O'Brien K, Cheney PR, Herst CV, Reichenbach NL, Kon N, Horvath SE, Iacono KT, Adelson ME, De Meirleir K, De Becker P, Charubala R, Pfleiderer W. Biochemical evidence for a novel low molecular weight 2-5A-dependent RNase L in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1997 Jul;17(7):377-85. Full text free
  3. De Meirleir K, Bisbal C, Campine I, De Becker P, Salehzada T, Demettre E, Lebleu B. A 37 kDa 2-5A binding protein as a potential biochemical marker for chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Am J Med. 2000 Feb;108(2):99-105.
  4. Vojdani A, Lapp CW. Interferon-induced proteins are elevated in blood samples of patients with chemically or virally induced chronic fatigue syndrome. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1999 May;21(2):175-202.
  5. Vojdani A, Choppa PC, Lapp CW. Downregulation of RNase L inhibitor correlates with upregulation of interferon-induced proteins (2-5A synthetase and RNase L) in patients with chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome. J Clin Lab Immunol. 1998;50(1):1-16.
  6. Suhadolnik RJ, Reichenbach NL, Hitzges P, Adelson ME, Peterson DL, Cheney P, Salvato P, Thompson C, Loveless M, Muller WE, et al. Changes in the 2-5A synthetase/RNase L antiviral pathway in a controlled clinical trial with poly(I)-poly(C12U) in chronic fatigue syndrome. In Vivo 1994 Jul-Aug;8(4):599-604
  7. Strayer DR, Carter WA, Brodsky I, Cheney P, Peterson D, Salvato P, Thompson C, Loveless M, Shapiro DE, Elsasser W, et al. A controlled clinical trial with a specifically configured RNA drug, poly(I).poly(C12U), in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Jan;18 Suppl 1:S88-95.
  8. Vojdani A, Ghoneum M, Choppa PC, Magtoto L, Lapp CW. Elevated apoptotic cell population in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: the pivotal role of protein kinase RNA. J Intern Med. 1997 Dec;242(6):465-78.
  9. Suhadolnik RJ, Reichenbach NL, Hitzges P, Sobol RW, Peterson DL, Henry B, Ablashi DV, Muller WE, Schroder HC, Carter WA, et al. Upregulation of the 2-5A synthetase/RNase L antiviral pathway associated with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Jan;18 Suppl 1:S96-104.
  10. Shetzline SE, Martinand-Mari C, Reichenbach NL, Buletic Z, Lebleu B, Pfleiderer W, Charubala R, De Meirleir K, De Becker P, Peterson DL, Herst CV, Englebienne P, Suhadolnik RJ. Structural and Functional Features of the 37-kDa 2-5A-Dependent RNase L in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2002 Apr;22(4):443-56.
  11. De Meirleir K, Suhadolnik RJ, Lebleu B, Englebienne P. Antiviral pathway activation in chronic fatigue syndrome and acute infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 May 15;34(10):1420-1; discussion 1421-2. No abstract available.
  12. Introduction to RNase L etc

6.Free radicals

  1. Richards RS, Roberts TK, McGregor NR, Dunstan RH, Butt HL. Blood parameters indicative of oxidative stress are associated with symptom expression in chronic fatigue syndrome. Redox Rep. 2000;5(1):35-41.
  2. Richards RS, Roberts TK, Dunstan RH, McGregor NR, Butt HL. Erythrocyte antioxidant systems protect cultured endothelial cells against oxidant damage.Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1998 Dec;46(5):857-65.
  3. Richards RS, Roberts TK, McGregor NR, Dunstan RH, Butt HL. The role of erythrocytes in the inactivation of free radicals. Med Hypotheses. 1998 May;50(5):363-7.
  4. McGregor NR, Dunstan RH, Zerbes M, Butt HL, Roberts TK, Klineberg IJ. Preliminary determination of the association between symptom expression and urinary metabolites in subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome. Biochem Mol Med. 1996 Jun;58(1):85-92.
  5. Richards RS, Roberts TK, Dunstan RH, McGregor NR, Butt HL. Free radicals in chronic fatigue syndrome: cause or effect? Redox Rep. 2000;5(2-3):146-7.
  6. McGregor NR, Dunstan RH, Zerbes M, Butt HL, Roberts TK, Klineberg IJ. Preliminary determination of a molecular basis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Biochem Mol Med. 1996 Apr;57(2):73-80.
  7. Scott G.S., Hooper D.C., The role of uric acid in protection against peroxynitrite-mediated pathology. Medical Hypotheses (2001) 56(1) 95-10
  8. Pall ML, Satterle JD. Elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite mechanism for the common etiology of multiple chemical sensitivity, chronic fatigue syndrome, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Mar;933:323-9. Review.
  9. Snyder, S.H., and Bredt, D.S., Biological roles of Nitric Oxide. Scientific American. May 1992
  10. Dorger M, Allmeling A, Kiefmann R, Schropp A, Krombach F. Dual role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in acute asbestos-induced lung injury. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Aug 15;33(4):491.
  11. Kindig C, McDonough P, Erickson H, Poole D. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition speeds oxygen uptake kinetics in horses during moderate domain running. Respir Physiolo Neurobiol. 2002 Aug;132(2):169.
  12. Zulueta JJ, Sawhney R, Kayyali U, Fogel M, Donaldson C, Huang H, Lanzillo JJ, Hassoun PM. Modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase by hypoxia in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2002 Jan;26(1):22-30.
  13. Ribeiro RA, Freitas HC, Campos MC, Santos CC, Figueiredo FC, Brito GA, Cunha FQ. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta mediate the production of nitric oxide involved in the pathogenesis of ifosfamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis in mice. J Urol. 2002 May;167(5):2229-34.
  14. Schroeder RA, Gu JS, Kuo PC. Interleukin 1beta-stimulated production of nitric oxide in rat hepatocytes is mediated through endogenous synthesis of interferon gamma. Hepatology. 1998 Mar;27(3):711-9.
  15. Vecchiet J, Cipollone F, Falasca K, Mezzetti A, Pizzigallo E, Bucciarelli T, De Laurentis S, Affaitati G, De Cesare D, Giamberardino MA. Relationship between musculoskeletal symptoms and blood markers of oxidative stress in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Neurosci Lett. 2003 Jan 2;335(3):151-4.
  16. Jammes Y, Steinberg JG, Mambrini O, Bregeon F, Delliaux S. Chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment of increased oxidative stress and altered muscle excitability in response to incremental exercise J Intern Med. 2005 Mar;257(3):299-310

7. Sleep /exercise

  1. A. Ambrogetti, L.Olson, D.Sutherland, J.Malcolm, D. Bliss and S.Gyulay. Daytime Sleepiness and REM Sleep Abnormalities in Chronic Fatigue: A Case Series. J of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.1998.Volume 4 Number 1 page 23-35.
  2. Le Bon O, Hoffmann G, Murphy J, De Meirleir K, Cluydts R, Pelc I. How significant are primary sleep disorders and sleepiness in the chronic fatigue syndrome? Sleep Res Online. 2000;3(2):43-8.
  3. Fischler B, Dendale P, Michiels V, Cluydts R, Kaufman L, De Meirleir K. Physical fatigability and exercise capacity in chronic fatigue syndrome: association with disability, somatization and psychopathology. J Psychosom Res. 1997 Apr;42(4):369-78.
  4. De Becker P, Roeykens J, Reynders M, McGregor N, De Meirleir K. Exercise capacity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Nov 27;160(21):3270-7.
  5. Fischler B, Le Bon O, Hoffmann G, Cluydts R, Kaufman L, De Meirleir K. Sleep anomalies in the chronic fatigue syndrome. A comorbidity study. Neuropsychobiology. 1997;35(3):115-22.
  6. Marshall L, Born J. Brain-immune interactions in sleep. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2002;52:93-131. Review.

8. General

  1. Vojdani A. Single aetiological agent may not be feasible in CFS patients. J Intern Med. 1999 Apr;245(4):410-2. No abstract available.
  2. Dowsett E.J, Colby J. Long term sickness absence due to ME/CFS in UK schools: an epidemiological study with medical and educational implications. J.of CFS. 1997. 3. 29-42
  3. Rea, W.J. et al. Reduction of Chemical Sensitivity by means of Heat Depuration, Physical Therapy and Nutritional Supplementation in a Controlled Environment. Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (1996) 6.p141 -148.
  4. Fernandez P, Grimalt JO, Vilanova RM. Atmospheric gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) in high mountain regions of Europe. Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Mar 15;36(6):1162-8. New Scientist 'Tainted Rain' PAHs Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Jedrychowski W, Rauh V, Manchester D, Santella RM, Ottman R. Recent developments in molecular epidemiology: A study of the effects of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on birth outcomes in Poland.
    Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Feb 1;147(3):309-14.
  5. De Becker P, McGregor N, De Meirleir K. A definition-based analysis of symptoms in a large cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Intern Med. 2001 Sep;250(3):234-40.
  6. Bates DW, Buchwald D, Lee J, Kith P, Doolittle T, Rutherford C, Churchill WH, Schur PH, Wener M, Wybenga D, et al. Clinical laboratory test findings in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 1995 Jan 9;155(1):97-103.
  7. Buskila D. Fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and myofascial pain syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2000 Mar;12(2):113-23. Review.
  8. Glass R T., The human/animal interaction in ME/CFS: A look at 127 patients J. of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Vol 6(2) 2000 page 65-72

9.      Glass R T., Abnormal signs found in animals of ME/CFS patients: A look at 463 animals. J. of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Vol 6(2) 2000 page 73-8#

10.  Salit IE. Precipitating factors for the chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychiatr Res. 1997 Jan-Feb;31(1):59-65.

11.  Nijs J, De Meirleir K, Englebienne P, McGregor N.Chronic fatigue syndrome: a risk factor for osteopenia?
Med Hypotheses. 2003 Jan;60(1):65-8.

9.Toxicology

  1. Richardson J. 4 cases of Pesticide poisoning, presenting as 'ME', treated with a Choline and ascorbic acid mixture. J.of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Vol 6(2) 2000 page 11-22.
  2. Bagchi M, Stohs SJ. In vitro induction of reactive oxygen species by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, endrin, and lindane in rat peritoneal macrophages, and hepatic mitochondria and microsomes. Free Radic Biol Med. 1993 Jan;14(1):11-8.
  3. Joubert J, Joubert PH. Chorea and psychiatric changes in organophosphate poisoning. A report of 2 further cases. S Afr Med J. 1988 Jul 2;74(1):32-4.
  4. Dunstan RH, Donohoe M, Taylor W, Roberts TK, Murdoch RN, Watkins JA, McGregor NR. Chlorinated hydrocarbons and chronic fatigue syndrome. Med J Aust. 1996 Feb 19;164(4):251. No abstract available.
  5. Dunstan RH, Donohoe M, Taylor W, Roberts TK, Murdoch RN, Watkins JA, McGregor NR. A preliminary investigation of chlorinated hydrocarbons and chronic fatigue syndrome. Med J Aust. 1995 Sep 18;163(6):294-7.
  6. Ross P M, Chemical sensitivity and fatigue syndromes from hypoxia/hypercapnia. Med Hypotheses 2000 May 54(5):734-8
  7. Racciatti D, Vecchiet J, Ceccomancini A, Ricci F, Pizzigallo E. Chronic fatigue syndrome following a toxic exposure. Sci Total Environ. 2001 Apr 10;270(1-3):27-31
  8. Vojdani A, Mordechai E, Brautbar N. Abnormal apoptosis and cell cycle progression in humans exposed to methyl tertiary-butyl ether and benzene contaminating water. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1997 Sep;16(9):485-94.
  9. Waickman FJ, Vojdani A. Putting chemical and environmental sensitivities in perspective. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1998 Feb;31(1):55-67. Review.
  10. Brautbar N, Vojdani A, Campbell AW. Multiple chemical sensitivities--fact or myth. Toxicol Ind Health. 1992 Nov-Dec;8(6):v-xiii. Review. No abstract available
  11. Vojdani A, Ghoneum M, Brautbar N. Immune alteration associated with exposure to toxic chemicals. Toxicol Ind Health. 1992 Sep-Oct;8(5):239-54.
  12. Lorscheider F L, Vimy M J, Summers A O, Mercury exposure from "silver" tooth fillings: emerging evidence questions a traditional dental paradigm, FASEB J 9:504-508 1995.
  13. Bergman B, Bostrom H, Larsson K S, Loe H. Potential Biological Consequences of Mercury Released from Dental Amalgam. State of the Art Conference in Stockholm 9-10 April 1992 ISBN 91 85546 77 1
  14. Saboori AM, Lang DM, Newcombe DS. Structural requirements for the inhibition of human monocyte carboxylesterase by organophosphorus compounds. Chem Biol Interact. 1991;80(3):327-38
  15. Purdey, M. Are Organophoshate pesticides involved in the the causation of BSE? Hypothesis based on a literature review and limited trials on BSE cattle. J.of Nutritional Medicine 1994; 4(1) 43 - 82
  16. Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Hassoun EA, Stohs SJ. In vitro and in vivo generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and lactate dehydrogenase leakage by selected pesticides. Toxicology. 1995 Dec 15;104(1-3):129-40.
  17. Myshkin VA, Vakarina AF, Bashkatov SA, Sofronov GA, Enikeev DA. [Post-intoxication hypothermia and processes of free radical lipid peroxidation in the rat brain and heart in organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning] Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1992 May;113(5):493-4. Russian.
  18. Whalen MM, Green SA, Loganathan BG. Brief butyltin exposure induces irreversible inhibition of the cytotoxic function on human natural killer cells, in vitro. Environ Res. 2002 Jan;88(1):19-29.
  19. Matkovics R, Szabo L., Mindszenty L., Ivan J. The effects of OP pesticides on some liver enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Gen Phannacol 1980; 11: 353-355.
  20. Chopra A., Ahuja S., Gupta. R, Nagpal S. Histopathological and lipid changes in various organs of chicks caused by acute and chronic toxicity of metasystox-R and Lebaycid. Zbl Yet Med A 1979; 26:822-834.
  21. Sharp, D.S. et al Delayed health hazards of pesticide exposure. Ann Rev Public Health 1986; 7: 441-471.
  22. Newcombe DS. Immune surveillance, organophosphorus exposure, and lymphomagenesis.
    Lancet. 1992 Feb 29;339(8792):539-41.
  23. Tang LC, Schoomaker E, Wiesmann WP. Cholinergic agonists stimulate calcium uptake and cGMP formation in human erythrocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984 May 16;772(2):235-8
  24. Sevaljevic L, Krtolica K, Poznanovic G, Boskovic B, Maksimovic M. The effect of organophosphate poisoning on plasma cyclic AMP in rats. Biochem Pharmacol. 1981 Oct 1;30(19):2725-7. No abstract available
  25. Laylander, J.A. A Nutrient/Toxin Interaction Theory of the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Chronic Pain-Fatigue Syndromes: Parts 1 and 2. J. of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Vol 5(1) 1999 page 67-91
  26. Pearn, J. Chronic ciguatera: one organic cause of the chronic fatigue syndrome. J. of C.F.S. 1996; 2: 29-34
  27. Gordon I, Abdulla EM, Campbell IC, Whatley SA.Phosmet induces up-regulation of surface levels of the cellular prion protein. Neuroreport. 1998 May 11;9(7):1391-5..
  28. Yang Z. R, Morrow J., Aiping W, Roberts L, Dettbarn W D. Diispropylphosphorofluoridate-induced muscle hyperactivity associated with enhanced lipid peroxidation in vivo. Biochem Phannacol 1996; 52: 357-361.
  29. Bjerregaard P, Dewailly E, Ayotte P, Pars T, Ferron L, Mulvad G. Exposure of Inuit in Greenland to organochlorines through the marine diet. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2001 Jan 26;62(2):69-81. and Dewailly E., et al. Concentration of Organochlorines in Human Brain, Liver, and Adipose Tissue Autopsy Samples from Greenland. Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol 107, No.10, Oct.1999.
  30. Environmental Health Criteria 63, OP insecticides ; a general introduction. WHO Geneva 1986.
  31. Freed, V.H. et al. Physico- chemical properties of some OPs in relation to their chronic toxicity. Environmental Health Perspectives 1976; 13: 77-81.
  32. Aristo Vojdani and Charles W. Lapp The Relationship Between Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Chemical Exposure. J of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. vol 5 no.3/4 page 207 -221
  33. Rahman MF, Siddiqui MK, Jamil K. Biochemical alterations induced by a new phosphorothionate (RPR-II) in tissues of male and female rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 1999 Jun;37(6):546-52.
  34. Dettbarn WD. Pesticide induced muscle necrosis: mechanisms and prevention. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1984 Apr;4(2 Pt 2):S18-26
  35. Gajewski D, Katkiewicz M Activity of certain enzymes and histomorphological changes in subacute intoxication of rats with selected organophosphates.Acta Physiol Pol. 1981 Sep-Oct;32(5):507-20.
  36. Kisielinski T, Gajewski D, Gidynska T, Owczarczyk H. Antiesterase activity of chlorphenvinphos and phospholine in certain rat tissues after administration by different routes.Acta Physiol Pol. 1980 May-Jun;31(3):279-88.
  37. Bendahou N, Bounias M, Fleche C Toxicity of cypermethrin and fenitrothion on the hemolymph carbohydrates, head acetylcholinesterase, and thoracic muscle Na+, K+-ATPase of emerging honeybees (Apis mellifera mellifera. L). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1999 Oct;44(2):139-46.
  38. Ray DE. Chronic effects of low level exposure to anticholinesterases--a mechanistic review. Toxicol Lett. 1998 Dec 28;102-103:527-33. Review
  39. Ray DE, Richards PG. The potential for toxic effects of chronic, low-dose exposure to organophosphates. Toxicol Lett. 2001 Mar 31;120(1-3):343-51. Review.
  40. Fournier L, Musard D, Lecorsier A. Lymphocyte esterases and hydroxylases in neurotoxicology. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1996 Jun;38(3):190-5
  41. Handy RD, Abd-El Samei HA, Bayomy MF, Mahran AM, Abdeen AM, El-Elaimy EA. Chronic diazinon exposure: pathologies of spleen, thymus, blood cells, and lymph nodes are modulated by dietary protein or lipid in the mouse. Toxicology. 2002 Mar 5;172(1):13-34.
  42. Li WF, Costa LG, Richter RJ, Hagen T, Shih DM, Tward A, Lusis AJ, Furlong CE.Catalytic efficiency determines the in-vivo efficacy of PON1 for detoxifying organophosphorus compounds. Pharmacogenetics. 2000 Dec;10(9):767-79.
  43. Furlong CE, Li WF, Brophy VH, Jarvik GP, Richter RJ, Shih DM, Lusis AJ, Costa LG The PON1 gene and detoxication. Neurotoxicology. 2000 Aug;21(4):581-7.
  44. Cherry N, Mackness M, Durrington P, Povey A, Dippnall M, Smith T, Mackness B. Paraoxonase (PON1) polymorphisms in farmers attributing ill health to sheep dip. Lancet. 2002 Mar 2;359(9308):763-4. http://www.thelancet.com/search/search.isa Full text

45.  Furlong CE, Li WF, Richter RJ, Shih DM, Lusis AJ, Alleva E, Costa LG. Genetic and temporal determinants of pesticide sensitivity: role of paraoxonase (PON1). Neurotoxicology. 2000 Feb-Apr;21(1-2):91-100. Review.

46.  Costa LG, Li WF, Richter RJ, Shih DM, Lusis A, Furlong CE. The role of paraoxonase (PON1) in the detoxication of organophosphates and its human polymorphism.Chem Biol Interact. 1999 May 14;119-120:429-38. Review.

47.  Furlong CE, Li WF, Costa LG, Richter RJ, Shih DM, Lusis AJ. Genetically determined susceptibility to organophosphorus insecticides and nerve agents: developing a mouse model for the human PON1 polymorphism. Neurotoxicology. 1998 Aug-Oct;19(4-5):645-50.

48.  Shih DM, Gu L, Xia YR, Navab M, Li WF, Hama S, Castellani LW, Furlong CE, Costa LG, Fogelman AM, Lusis AJ. Mice lacking serum paraoxonase are susceptible to organophosphate toxicity and atherosclerosis.Nature. 1998 Jul 16;394(6690):284-7.

49.  Yagle K, Costa LG. Effects of organophosphate exposure on muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype mRNA levels in the adult rat. Neurotoxicology. 1996 Summer;17(2):523-30.

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  2. Fernando JC, Hoskins BH, Ho IK. A striatal serotonergic involvement in the behavioural effects of anticholinesterase organophosphates.Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Feb 10;98(1):129-32.
  3. Ho IK, Fernando JC, Sivam SP, Hoskins B. Roles of dopamine and GABA in neurotoxicity of organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors.Proc West Pharmacol Soc. 1984;27:177-80. No abstract available.
  4. Seifert J, Pewnim T. Alteration of mice L-tryptophan metabolism by the organophosphorous acid triester diazinon. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Dec 1;44(11):2243-50.
  5. Pewnim T, Seifert J. Structural requirements for altering the L-tryptophan metabolism in mice by organophosphorous and methylcarbamate insecticides. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Oct 1;248(3):237-41.
  6. Seifert J. Toxicologic significance of the hyperglycemia caused by organophosphorous insecticides. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2001 Oct;67(4):463-9. No abstract available.
  7. Hai DQ, Varga SI, Matkovics B. Organophosphate effects on antioxidant system of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1997 May;117(1):83-8
  8. Lotti M, Moretto A, Capodicasa E, Bertolazzi M, Peraica M, Scapellato ML. Interactions between neuropathy target esterase and its inhibitors and the development of polyneuropathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Oct;122(2):165-71. Review.
  9. Lotti M. The pathogenesis of organophosphate polyneuropathy. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1991;21(6):465-87. Review.
  10. Lotti M, Moretto A. Promotion of organophosphate induced delayed polyneuropathy by certain esterase inhibitors. Chem Biol Interact. 1999 May 14;119-120:519-24. Review.
  11. Damodaran TV, Abdel-Rahman A, Abou-Donia MB. Altered time course of mRNA expression of alpha tubulin in the central nervous system of hens treated with diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP). Neurochem Res. 2001 Jan;26(1):43-50.
  12. Damodaran TV, Rahman AA, Abou-Donia MB. Early differential induction of C-jun in the central nervous system of hens treated with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP). Neurochem Res. 2000 Dec;25(12):1579-86.

62.  Aschner M. Interactions between pesticides and glia: an unexplored experimental field. Neurotoxicology. 2000 Feb-Apr;21(1-2):175-80. Review.

  1. Brautbar N, Campbell A, Vojdani A. Silicone breast implants and autoimmunity: causation, association, or myth? J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 1995;7(2):133-45. Review.
  2. Vojdani A, Brautbar N, Campbell AW. Antibody to silicone and native macromolecules in women with silicone breast implants. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1994 Nov;16(4):497-523.
  3. Brautbar N, Vojdani A, Campbell A. Silicone breast implants and autoimmunity: causation or myth?
    Arch Environ Health.     1994 May-Jun;49(3):151-3. No abstract available.
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97.  Gupta RC, Milatovic D, Dettbarn WD. Nitric oxide modulates high-energy phosphates in brain regions of rats intoxicated with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate or carbofuran: prevention by N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone or vitamin E. Arch Toxicol. 2001 Aug;75(6):346-56

98.  Gupta RC, Milatovic D, Dettbarn WD. Depletion of energy metabolites following acetylcholinesterase inhibitor-induced status epilepticus: protection by antioxidants. Neurotoxicology. 2001 Apr;22(2):271-82.

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100.                     Ni Z, Li S, Liu Y, Tang Y, Pang D. [Induction of micronucleus by organophosphorus pesticides both in vivo and in vitro] Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1993 Mar;24(1):82-6. Chinese.

101.                     Misawa M, Doull J, Uyeki EM. Teratogenic effects of cholinergic insecticides in chick embryos. III. Development of cartilage and bone. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1982 Oct-Nov;10(4-5):551-63.

  1. Tisch M, Schmezer P, Faulde M, Groh A, Maier H. Genotoxicity studies on permethrin, DEET and diazinon in primary human nasal mucosal cells.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2002 Mar;259(3):150-3.
  2. Lewis RG, Fortune CR, Blanchard FT, Camann DE. Movement and deposition of two organophosphorus pesticides within a residence after interior and exterior applications. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2001 Mar;51(3):339-51.
  3. Hatjian BA, Mutch E, Williams FM, Blain PG, Edwards JW.  Cytogenetic response without changes in peripheral cholinesterase enzymes following exposure to a sheep dip containing diazinon in vivo and in vitro.Mutat Res. 2000 Dec 20;472(1-2):85-92.
  4. Sheffield SR, Lochmiller RL. Effects of field exposure to diazinon on small mammals inhabiting a semienclosed prairie grassland ecosystem. I. Ecological and reproductive effects. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2001 Feb;20(2):284-96.
  5. Quistad GB, Sparks SE, Casida JE. Fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition by neurotoxic organophosphorus pesticides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2001 May 15;173(1):48-55
  6. Axelrad JC, Howard CV, McLean WG.Interactions between pesticides and components of pesticide formulations in an in vitro neurotoxicity test. Toxicology. 2002 May 1;173(3):259-68.
  7. Stone JD, Peterson AP, Eyer J, Oblak TG, Sickles DW.  Neurofilaments are nonessential to the pathogenesis of toxicant-induced axonal degeneration. J Neurosci. 2001 Apr 1;21(7):2278-87.
  8. Stone JD, Terry AV Jr, Pauly JR, Prendergast MA, Buccafusco JJ. Protractive effects of chronic treatment with an acutely sub-toxic regimen of diisopropylflurophosphate on the expression of cholinergic receptor densities in rats. Brain Res. 2000 Nov 3;882(1-2):9-18.
  9. Richards P, Johnson M, Ray D, Walker C. Novel protein targets for organophosphorus compounds. Chem Biol Interact. 1999 May 14;119-120:503-11
  10. Hypotension Kojima T, Tsuda S, Shirasu Y. Non-cholinergic mechanisms underlying the acute lethal effects of P = S type organophosphorus insecticides in rats. J Vet Med Sci. 1992 Jun;54(3):529-33.
  11. Sharma SK, Bhattacharya BK. Altered glycine transport by cerebral tissue and decreased Na+ and Ca++ pump activities during organophosphorus-ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity development period. J Biochem Toxicol. 1995 Oct;10(5):233-238.
  12. Abeyratne R. Forensic aspects of the aerotoxic syndrome. Med Law. 2002;21(1):179-99.
  13. van Netten C. Analysis and implications of aircraft disinsectants. Sci Total Environ. 2002 Jul 3;293(1-3):257-62.
  14. David MD, Seiber JN. Analysis of organophosphate hydraulic fluids in U.S. Air force base soils Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1999 Apr;36(3):235-41.
  15. Liu PS, Kao LS, Lin MK. Organophosphates inhibit catecholamine secretion and calcium influx in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Toxicology. 1994 May 31;90(1-2):81-91.
  16. Latendresse JR, Azhar S, Brooks CL, Capen CC. Pathogenesis of cholesteryl lipidosis of adrenocortical and ovarian interstitial cells in F344 rats caused by tricresyl phosphate and butylated triphenyl phosphate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Oct;122(2):281-9.
  17. Compston JE, Vedi S, Stephen AB, Bord S, Lyons AR, Hodges SJ, Scammell BE. Reduced bone formation after exposure to organophosphates. Lancet. 1999 Nov 20;354(9192):1791-2.
  18. Jamal GA, Hansen S, Julu PO. Low level exposures to organophosphorus esters may cause neurotoxicity.
    Toxicology. 2002 Dec 27;181-182:23-33.
  19. Chang AY, Chan JY, Kao FJ, Huang CM, Chan SH. Engagement of inducible nitric oxide synthase at the rostral ventrolateral medulla during mevinphos intoxication in the rat.
    J Biomed Sci. 2001 Nov-Dec;8(6):475-83.
  20. Nativelle-Serpentini C, Richard S, Seralini GE, Sourdaine P. Aromatase activity modulation by lindane and bisphenol-A in human placental JEG-3 and transfected kidney E293 cells.
    Toxicol In Vitro. 2003 Aug;17(4):413-22.

10. Depression, stress and CFS

  1. Fischler B, D'Haenen H, Cluydts R, Michiels V, Demets K, Bossuyt A, Kaufman L, De Meirleir K.Comparison of 99m Tc HMPAO SPECT scan between chronic fatigue syndrome, major depression and healthy controls: an exploratory study of clinical correlates of regional cerebral blood flow. Neuropsychobiology. 1996;34(4):175-83.
  2. Fischler B, Cluydts R, De Gucht Y, Kaufman L, De Meirleir K. Generalized anxiety disorder in chronic fatigue syndrome. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997 May;95(5):405-13.
  3. Scott LV, Salahuddin F, Cooney J, Svec F, Dinan TG. Differences in adrenal steroid profile in chronic fatigue syndrome, in depression and in health. J Affect Disord. 1999 Jul;54(1-2):129-37
  4. Dinan TG, Lavelle E, Scott LV, Newell-Price J, Medbak S, Grossman AB. Desmopressin normalizes the blunted adrenocorticotropin response to corticotropin-releasing hormone in melancholic depression: evidence of enhanced vasopressinergic responsivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Jun;84(6):2238-40.
  5. Cleare AJ, Bearn J, Allain T, McGregor A, Wessely S, Murray RM, O'Keane V. Contrasting neuroendocrine responses in depression and chronic fatigue syndrome. J Affect Disord. 1995 Aug 18;34(4):283-9.
  6. MacHale SM, Lawrie SM, Cavanagh JT, Glabus MF, Murray CL, Goodwin GM, Ebmeier KP.Cerebral perfusion in chronic fatigue syndrome and depression. Br J Psychiatry. 2000 Jun;176:550-6.
  7. Murphy BE, Abbott FV, Allison CM, Watts C, Ghadirian AM. Elevated levels of some neuroactive progesterone metabolites, particularly isopregnanolone, in women with chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004 Feb;29(2):245-68.
  8. Kaufer D, Friedman A, Seidman S, Soreq H Acute stress facilitates long-lasting changes in cholinergic gene expression. Nature. 1998 May 28;393(6683):373-7.

11.Endocrinology

  1. De Becker P, De Meirleir K, Joos E, Campine I, Van Steenberge E, Smitz J, Velkeniers B. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) response to i.v. ACTH in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Horm Metab Res. 1999 Jan;31(1):18-21.
  2. Lucinda V Scott, and Timothy G Dinan. The Neuroendocrinology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J.of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.1996.Volume 2 Number 4. page 49-51
  3. Costa DC, Tannock C, Brostoff J. Brainstem perfusion is impaired in chronic fatigue syndrome. QJM. 1995 Nov;88(11):767-73.
  4. Bakheit AM, Behan PO, Watson WS, Morton JJ. Abnormal arginine-vasopressin secretion and water metabolism in patients with postviral fatigue syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand. 1993 Mar;87(3):234-8
  5. Moorkens G, Berwaerts J, Wynants H, Abs R..Characterization of pituitary function with emphasis on GH secretion in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000 Jul;53(1):99-106.
  6. Berwaerts J, Moorkens G, Abs R. Secretion of growth hormone in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1998 Apr;8 Suppl B:127-9
  7. Kavelaars A, Kuis W, Knook L, Sinnema G, Heijnen CJ. Disturbed neuroendocrine-immune interactions in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Feb;85(2):692-6.
  8. Knook L, Kavelaars A, Sinnema G, Kuis W, Heijnen CJ. High nocturnal melatonin in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Oct;85(10):3690-2.
  9. Scott LV, Teh J, Reznek R, Martin A, Sohaib A, Dinan TG. Small adrenal glands in chronic fatigue syndrome: a preliminary computer tomography study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1999 Oct;24(7):759-68.
  10. Scott LV, Medbak S, Dinan TG. Desmopressin augments pituitary-adrenal responsivity to corticotropin-releasing hormone in subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome and in healthy volunteers.
    Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Jun 1;45(11):1447-54
  11. Kuratsune H, Yamaguti K, Sawada M, Kodate S, Machii T, Kanakura Y, Kitani T. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate deficiency in chronic fatigue syndrome. Int J Mol Med. 1998 Jan;1(1):143-6.
  12. Dinan TG, Majeed T, Lavelle E, Scott LV, Berti C, Behan P. Blunted serotonin-mediated activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1997 May;22(4):261-
  13. Demitrack MA, Crofford LJ. Evidence for and pathophysiologic implications of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 May 1;840:684-97. Review.
  14. Altemus M, Dale JK, Michelson D, Demitrack MA, Gold PW, Straus SE. Abnormalities in response to vasopressin infusion in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2001 Feb;26(2):175-88.
  15. Demitrack MA, Dale JK, Straus SE, Laue L, Listwak SJ, Kruesi MJ, Chrousos GP, Gold PW. Evidence for impaired activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Dec;73(6):1224-34.
  16. Allain TJ, Bearn JA, Coskeran P, Jones J, Checkley A, Butler J, Wessely S, Miell JP. Changes in growth hormone, insulin, insulinlike growth factors (IGFs), and IGF-binding protein-1 in chronic fatigue syndrome. Biol Psychiatry. 1997 Mar 1;41(5):567-73.
  17. Bearn J, Allain T, Coskeran P, Munro N, Butler J, McGregor A, Wessely S. Neuroendocrine responses to d-fenfluramine and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in chronic fatigue syndrome. Biol Psychiatry. 1995 Feb 15;37(4):245-52.
  18. Bennett AL, Chao CC, Hu S, Buchwald D, Fagioli LR, Schur PH, Peterson PK, Komaroff AL. Elevation of bioactive transforming growth factor-beta in serum from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Immunol. 1997 Mar;17(2):160-6.
  19. Bennett AL, Mayes DM, Fagioli LR, Guerriero R, Komaroff AL. Somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor I) levels in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychiatr Res. 1997 Jan-Feb;31(1):91-6.
  20. Korszun A, Sackett-Lundeen L, Papadopoulos E, Brucksch C, Masterson L, Engelberg NC, Haus E, Demitrack MA, Crofford L. Melatonin levels in women with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1999 Dec;26(12):2675-80
  21. Demitrack MA. Neuroendocrine correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome: a brief review.
    J Psychiatr Res. 1997 Jan-Feb;31(1):69-82.
  22. Blalock JE, Smith EM, Meyer WJ 3rd. The pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the immune system. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985 Nov;14(4):1021-38. Review.
  23. Jefferies WM. Cortisol and immunity. Med Hypotheses. 1991 Mar;34(3):198-208. Review.
  24. Jefferies WM. Mild adrenocortical deficiency, chronic allergies, autoimmune disorders and the chronic fatigue syndrome: a continuation of the cortisone story. Med Hypotheses. 1994 Mar;42(3):183-9. Review
  25. Gaab J, Huster D, Peisen R, Engert V, Heitz V, Schad T, Schurmeyer TH, Ehlert U. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity in chronic fatigue syndrome and health under psychological, physiological, and pharmacological stimulation. Psychosom Med. 2002 Nov-Dec;64(6):951-62.
  26. Lacroix A, Hontela A. A comparative assessment of the adrenotoxic effects of cadmium in two teleost species, rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and yellow perch, Perca flavescens.
    Aquat Toxicol. 2004 Mar 30;67(1):13-21.
  27. Dorval J, Hontela A. Role of glutathione redox cycle and catalase in defense against oxidative stress induced by endosulfan in adrenocortical cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
    Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Oct 15;192(2):191-200.
  28. Goulet BN, Hontela A. Toxicity of cadmium, endosulfan, and atrazine in adrenal steroidogenic cells of two amphibian species, Xenopus laevis and Rana catesbeiana. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2003 Sep;22(9):2106-13.
  29. Lacroix M, Hontela A. The organochlorine o,p'-DDD disrupts the adrenal steroidogenic signaling pathway in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Aug 1;190(3):197-205.
  30. Dorval J, Leblond VS, Hontela A. Oxidative stress and loss of cortisol secretion in adrenocortical cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed in vitro to endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide.
    Aquat Toxicol. 2003 May 8;63(3):229-41.
  31. Benguira S, Leblond VS, Weber JP, Hontela A. Loss of capacity to elevate plasma cortisol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) treated with a single injection of o,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2002 Aug;21(8):1753-6.
  32. Bisson M, Hontela A. Cytotoxic and endocrine-disrupting potential of atrazine, diazinon, endosulfan, and mancozeb in adrenocortical steroidogenic cells of rainbow trout exposed in vitro.
    Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Apr 15;180(2):110-7.
  33. Lacroix M, Hontela A. Regulation of acute cortisol synthesis by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C in a teleost species, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Endocrinol. 2001 Apr;169(1):71-8.
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12.Immunology

  1. Vojdani A, Ghoneum M, Brautbar N. Immune alteration associated with exposure to toxic chemicals.
    Toxicol Ind Health. 1992 Sep-Oct;8(5):239-54.
  2. Chao CC, Janoff EN, Hu SX, Thomas K, Gallagher M, Tsang M, Peterson PK. Altered cytokine release in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Cytokine. 1991 Jul;3(4):292-8.
  3. Morrison LJ, Behan WH, Behan PO. Changes in natural killer cell phenotype in patients with post-viral fatigue syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 1991 Mar;83(3):441-6
  4. Caligiuri M, Murray C, Buchwald D, Levine H, Cheney P, Peterson D, Komaroff AL, Ritz J. Phenotypic and functional deficiency of natural killer cells in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Immunol. 1987 Nov 15;139(10):3306-13.
  5. Levine PH, Whiteside TL, Friberg D, Bryant J, Colclough G, Herberman RB. Dysfunction of natural killer activity in a family with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1998 Jul;88(1):96-104
  6. Heuser G, Vojdani A. Enhancement of natural killer cell activity and T and B cell function by buffered vitamin C in patients exposed to toxic chemicals: the role of protein kinase-C. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1997 Aug;19(3):291-312
  7. DeFreitas E, Hilliard B, Cheney PR, Bell DS, Kiggundu E, Sankey D, Wroblewska Z, Palladino M, Woodward JP, Koprowski H. Retroviral sequences related to human T-lymphotropic virus type II in patients with chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 1;88(7):2922-6
  8. Moss RB, Mercandetti A, Vojdani A. TNF-alpha and chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Immunol. 1999 Sep;19(5):314-6.
  9. Gow JW, Behan WM, Simpson K, McGarry F, Keir S, Behan PO. Studies on enterovirus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Jan;18 Suppl 1:S126-9.
  10. Patarca-Montero R, Antoni M, Fletcher MA, Klimas NG. Cytokine and other immunologic markers in chronic fatigue syndrome and their relation to neuropsychological factors. Appl Neuropsychol. 2001;8(1):51-64
  11. .Natelson BH, Haghighi MH, Ponzio NM. Evidence for the presence of immune dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002 Jul;9(4):747-52. No abstract available.
  12. Patarca-Montero R et al. Immunology of CFS. J. of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Vol 6(3/4) 2000 page 69-108
  13. Bennett AL, Fagioli LR, Schur PH, Schacterle RS, Komaroff AL. Immunoglobulin subclass levels in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Immunol. 1996 Nov;16(6):315-20.
  14. Lavie G, Zucker-Franklin D. Cell surface-associated proteinases in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity: enhancement of enzyme expression is unique to activation with interferon-alpha. Cell Immunol. 1989 Dec;124(2):202-11.
  15. Young JD, Leong LG, Liu CC, Damiano A, Wall DA, Cohn ZA Isolation and characterization of a serine esterase from cytolytic T cell granules. Cell. 1986 Oct 24;47(2):183-94.
  16. Lavie G, Leib Z, Servadio C. The mechanism of human NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Mode of action of surface-associated proteases in the early stages of the lytic reaction. J Immunol. 1985 Aug;135(2):1470-6.
  17. Glaser R, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Stress-associated immune modulation: relevance to viral infections and chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med. 1998 Sep 28;105(3A):35S-42S. Review.
  18. Tirelli U, Marotta G, Improta S, Pinto A. Immunological abnormalities in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Scand J Immunol. 1994 Dec;40(6):601
  19. Straus SE, Fritz S, Dale JK, Gould B, Strober W. Lymphocyte phenotype and function in the chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Immunol. 1993 Jan;13(1):30-40.
  20. Lloyd AR, Wakefield D, Hickie I. Immunity and the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Ciba Found Symp. 1993;173:176-87; discussion 187-92. Review.
  21. Whiteside TL, Friberg D. Natural killer cells and natural killer cell activity in chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Am J Med. 1998 Sep 28;105(3A):27S-34S. Review.
  22. Dendy C, Cooper M, Sharpe M. Interpretation of symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome. Behav Res Ther. 2001 Nov;39(11):1369-80.
  23. Uchida A. [Chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome] Nippon Rinsho. 1992 Nov;50(11):2625-9. Review. Japanese.
  24. Ozturk L, Pelin Z, Karadeniz D, Kaynak H, Cakar L, Gozukirmizi E. Effects of 48 hours sleep deprivation on human immune profile. Sleep Res Online. 1999;2(4):107-11.
  25. Whalen MM, Williams TB, Green SA, Loganathan BG. Interleukins 2 and 12 produce recovery of cytotoxic function in tributyltin-exposed human natural killer cells. Environ Res. 2002 Mar;88(3):199-209.
  26. Whalen MM, Walker L, Loganathan BG. Interleukins 2 and 12 produce significant recovery of cytotoxic function in dibutyltin-exposed human natural killer cells. Environ Res. 2002 Feb;88(2):103-15.
  27. Whalen MM, Ghazi S, Loganathan BG, Hatcher F. Expression of CD16, CD18 and CD56 in tributyltin-exposed human natural killer cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2002 Feb 20;139(2):159-76.

    13.Biochemistry
  1. Arnold DL, Bore PJ, Radda GK, Styles P, Taylor DJ. Excessive intracellular acidosis of skeletal muscle on exercise in a patient with a post-viral exhaustion/fatigue syndrome. A 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study. Lancet. 1984 Jun 23;1(8391):1367-9.
  2. Wallace, D.C. Mitochondrial DNA in Aging and Disease. Scientific American. August 1997
  3. Jacobson W, Saich T, Borysiewicz LK, Behan WM, Behan PO, Wreghitt TG. Serum folate and chronic fatigue syndrome. Neurology. 1993 Dec;43(12):2645-7.
  4. Scadding GK, Ayesh R, Brostoff J, Mitchell SC, Waring RH, Smith RL. Poor sulphoxidation ability in patients with food sensitivity. BMJ. 1988 Jul 9;297(6641):105-7.
  5. McCully KK, Natelson BH, Iotti S, Sisto S, Leigh JS Jr. Reduced oxidative muscle metabolism in chronic fatigue syndrome. Muscle Nerve. 1996 May;19(5):621-5.
  6. Wilhelmina M. H. Behan, Ian J. Holt, David H. Kay, and Pamela Moonie . In vitro Study of Muscle Aerobic Metabolism in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J.of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Vol 5 no.3/4 p.3-16.
  7. Behan WM, More IA, Behan PO. Mitochondrial abnormalities in the postviral fatigue syndrome.
    Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1991;83(1):61-5
  8. W S Watson, G T McCreath, A Chaudhuri and P O Behan. Possible Cell Membrane Transport Defect in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1997 Volume 3 Number 3 page 1-13.
  9. N.Zamzami et al., Sequential reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and generation or reactive oxygen species in early programmed cell death. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 182: 367-77, 1995.
  10. Walter S. Watson, Donald C. McMillan, Abhijit Chaudhuri and Peter O. Behan. wswatson@compuserve.com .Increased Resting Energy Expenditure in the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Volume 4 Number 4 1998 page 3-14
  11. Urazaev AK, Magsumov ST, Poletayev GI, Nikolsky EE, Vyskocil F. Muscle NMDA receptors regulate the resting membrane potential through NO-synthase. Physiol Res. 1995;44(3):205-8. and Urazaev AKh, Magsumov ST, Poletaev GI. [L-glutamate--a candidate for the role of membrane-potential nerve control factor in mammalian muscle fibers] Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 1996 Jan;82(1):85-9. Russian.
  12. Bounous G, Molson J. Competition for glutathione precursors between the immune system and the skeletal muscle: pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 1999 Oct;53(4):347-9.
  13. Kuratsune H, Yamaguti K, Lindh G, Evengard B, Takahashi M, Machii T, Matsumura K, Takaishi J, Kawata S, Langstrom B, Kanakura Y, Kitani T, Watanabe Y. Low levels of serum acylcarnitine in chronic fatigue syndrome and chronic hepatitis type C, but not seen in other diseases. Int J Mol Med. 1998 Jul;2(1):51-6.
  14. Kuratsune H, Yamaguti K, Takahashi M, Misaki H, Tagawa S, Kitani T. Acylcarnitine deficiency in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Jan;18 Suppl 1:S62-7. Plioplys AV, Plioplys S. Serum levels of carnitine in chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical correlates. Neuropsychobiology. 1995;32(3):132-8.
  15. Cucuianu A. Cell darwinism, apoptosis, free radicals and haematological malignancies. Med Hypotheses. 2001 Jan;56(1):52-7.
  16. Amarante-Mendes GP, Naekyung Kim C, Liu L, Huang Y, Perkins CL, Green DR, Bhalla K Bcr-Abl exerts its antiapoptotic effect against diverse apoptotic stimuli through blockage of mitochondrial release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-3. Blood. 1998 Mar 1;91(5):1700-5
  17. Amarante-Mendes GP, Green DR. The regulation of apoptotic cell death. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999 Sep;32(9):1053-61. Review.
  18. Green DR, Amarante-Mendes GP. The point of no return: mitochondria, caspases, and the commitment to cell death. Results Probl Cell Differ. 1998;24:45-61. Review.
  19. Urazaev AKh. [The sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport of the cell membrane] Usp Fiziol Nauk. 1998 Apr-Jun;29(2):12-38. Review. Russian.
  20. Sargent C, Scroop GC, Nemeth PM, Burnet RB, Buckley JD. Maximal oxygen uptake and lactate metabolism are normal in chronic fatigue syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Jan;34(1):51-6.
  21. Burnet RB, Yeap BB, Chatterton BE, Gaffney RD. Chronic fatigue syndrome: is total body potassium important? Med J Aust. 1996 Mar 18;164(6):384. No abstract available.
  22. Begon S, Pickering G, Eschalier A, Mazur A, Rayssiguier Y, Dubray C. Role of spinal NMDA receptors, protein kinase C and nitric oxide synthase in the hyperalgesia induced by magnesium deficiency in rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Nov;134(6):1227-36.
  23. Gordin A, Goldenberg D, Golz A, Netzer A, Joachims HZ. Magnesium: a new therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Otol Neurotol. 2002 Jul;23(4):447-51.
  24. Bigal ME, Bordini CA, Tepper SJ, Speciali JG. Intravenous magnesium sulphate in the acute treatment of migraine without aura and migraine with aura. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia. 2002 Jun;22(5):345-53.
  25. Lin JY, Chung SY, Lin MC, Cheng FC. Effects of magnesium sulfate on energy metabolites and glutamate in the cortex during focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the gerbil monitored by a dual-probe microdialysis technique. Life Sci. 2002 Jul 5;71(7):803-11.
  26. Malcova R, Gryndler M, Vosatka M. Magnesium ions alleviate the negative effect of manganese on Glomus claroideum BEG23. Mycorrhiza. 2002 Jun;12(3):125-9.
  27. Attygalle D, Rodrigo N. Magnesium as first line therapy in the management of tetanus: a prospective study of 40 patients. Anaesthesia. 2002 Aug;57(8):811-7.
  28. Silverman RA, Osborn H, Runge J, Gallagher EJ, Chiang W, Feldman J, Gaeta T, Freeman K, Levin B, Mancherje N, Scharf S. IV magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute severe asthma: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.
    Chest. 2002 Aug;122(2):489-97.
  29. Cox IM, Campbell MJ, Dowson D. Red blood cell magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet. 1991 Mar 30;337(8744):757-60.
  30. Hinds G, Bell NP, McMaster D, McCluskey DR. Normal red cell magnesium concentrations and magnesium loading tests in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Ann Clin Biochem. 1994 Sep;31 ( Pt 5):459-61.
  31. Chang KH, Uchikoba K, Obara M, Chinzei M, Sumida T, Arita E, Hanaoka K. [Marked reduction of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias in a critically ill patient by intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate] Masui. 2002 Jan;51(1):56-60. Japanese.
  32. Zhang M, Guan Y, Yuan H, Yang K, Yang J, Wang J. [Distribution of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in serum and lymphocyte of the patients with arrhythmia] Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1998;23(1):82-4. Chinese.

 

14.Neurology

  1. Michiels V, Cluydts R, Fischler B, Hoffmann G, Le Bon O, De Meirleir K. Cognitive functioning in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1996 Oct;18(5):666-77.
  2. Bakheit AM, Behan PO, Dinan TG, Gray CE, O'Keane V. Possible upregulation of hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in patients with postviral fatigue syndrome. BMJ. 1992 Apr 18;304(6833):1010-1012.
  3. Chaudhuri A, Behan, P.O. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is an acquired neurological channelopathy. Hum Psychopharmacol.Clin Exp 1999; 63: 1225-33.
  4. Lange G, DeLuca J, Maldjian JA, Lee H, Tiersky LA, Natelson BH. Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neurol Sci. 1999 Dec 1;171(1):3-7.
  5. John Richardson, Durval Campos Costa. Relationship Between SPECT Scans and Buspirone Tests in Patients with ME/CFS. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1998 Vol 4. nyumber 3. page 23-38
  6. Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Fatigue and basal ganglia. J Neurol Sci. 2000 Oct 1;179(S 1-2):34-42. Review.
  7. Chaudhuri A, Watson WS, Pearn J, Behan PO. The symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome are related to abnormal ion channel function. Med Hypotheses. 2000 Jan;54(1):59-63.
  8. A. Chaudhuri, DM, MD, MBBS, T. Majeed, MB, BS, MRCP, PhD, T. Dinan, MB, ChB, PhD, Dsc, FRCP, P.O. Behan, MB, ChB, Dsc, FACP, FRCP. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Disorder of Central Cholinergic Transmission. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 1997,Volume 3 Number 1 page 3-13.
  9. De Becker P, Dendale P, De Meirleir K, Campine I, Vandenborne K, Hagers Y. Autonomic testing in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med. 1998 Sep 28;105(3A):22S-26S.
  10. Richard L Bruno, Susan Creange, Jerald R Zimmerman and Nancy M Frick HarvestCtr@AOL.COM . Elevated Plasma Prolactin and EEG Slow Wave Power in Post-Polio Fatigue: Implications for a Dopamine Deficiency Underlying Post-Viral Fatigue Syndromes. J. of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 1998 Volume 4, Number 2. page 61-75
  11. Chaudhuri, A and Behan P.O., Neurological dysfunction in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 2000.Vol.6 no.3/4 p51-68
  12. Schwartz RB, Garada BM, Komaroff AL, Tice HM, Gleit M, Jolesz FA, Holman BL. Detection of intracranial abnormalities in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: comparison of MR imaging and SPECT.
  13. Bou-Holaigah I, Rowe PC, Kan J, Calkins H. The relationship between neurally mediated hypotension and the chronic fatigue syndrome. JAMA. 1995 Sep 27;274(12):961-7.
  14. Cook DB, Lange G, DeLuca J, Natelson BH. Relationship of brain MRI abnormalities and physical functional status in chronic fatigue syndrome. Int J Neurosci. 2001 Mar;107(1-2):1-6.
  15. Rowe PC, Calkins H, DeBusk K, McKenzie R, Anand R, Sharma G, Cuccherini BA, Soto N, Hohman P, Snader S, Lucas KE, Wolff M, Straus SE. Fludrocortisone acetate to treat neurally mediated hypotension in chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001 Jan 3;285(1):52-9.
  16. Rowe PC, Calkins H. Neurally mediated hypotension and chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Am J Med. 1998 Sep 28;105(3A):15S-21S. Review.
  17. Streeten DH, Thomas D, Bell DS. The roles of orthostatic hypotension, orthostatic tachycardia, and subnormal erythrocyte volume in the pathogenesis of the chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med Sci. 2000 Jul;320(1):1-8.
  18. Rowe PC, Barron DF, Calkins H, Maumenee IH, Tong PY, Geraghty MT. Orthostatic intolerance and chronic fatigue syndrome associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
  19. Brooks JC, Roberts N, Whitehouse G, Majeed T. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and morphometry of the hippocampus in chronic fatigue syndrome. Br J Radiol. 2000 Nov;73(875):1206-8.
  20. JOHN W. ENGSTROM, M.D., and MICHAEL J. AMINOFF, M.D. Evaluation and Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension. University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
  21. Davis SD, Kator SF, Wonnett JA, Pappas BL, Sall JL. Neurally mediated hypotension in fatigued Gulf War veterans: a preliminary report. Am J Med Sci. 2000 Feb;319(2):89-95.
  22. Rowe PC, Calkins H. Neurally mediated hypotension and chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med. 1998 Sep 28;105(3A):15S-21S. Review.
  23. Schondorf R, Benoit J, Wein T, Phaneuf D. Orthostatic intolerance in the chronic fatigue syndrome.
    J Auton Nerv Syst. 1999 Feb 15;75(2-3):192-201.
  24. De A, Churchill L, Obal F Jr, Simasko SM, Krueger JM. GHRH and IL1beta increase cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels in cultured hypothalamic GABAergic neurons. Brain Res. 2002 Sep 13;949(1-2):209-12.
  25. Tomoda A, Miike T, Yamada E, Honda H, Moroi T, Ogawa M, Ohtani Y, Morishita S Chronic fatigue syndrome in childhood. Brain Dev. 2000 Jan;22(1):60-4.
  26. Chaudhuri A, Condon BR, Gow JW, Brennan D, Hadley DM. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of basal ganglia in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuroreport. 2003 Feb 10;14(2):225-8.
  27. Tirelli U, Chierichetti F, Tavio M, Simonelli C, Bianchin G, Zanco P, Ferlin G. Brain positron emission tomography (PET) in chronic fatigue syndrome: preliminary data. Am J Med. 1998 Sep 28;105(3A):54S-58S.
  28. Grisaru D, Deutsch V, Shapira M, Pick M, Sternfeld M, Melamed-Book N, Kaufer D, Galyam N, Gait MJ, Owen D, Lessing JB, Eldor A, Soreq H.ARP, a peptide derived from the stress-associated acetylcholinesterase variant, has hematopoietic growth promoting activities. Mol Med. 2001 Feb;7(2):93-105.
  29. Kaufer DICholinergic therapy for neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurologic disorders.
    Curr Psychiatry Rep. 1999 Oct;1(1):78-84. Review.
  30. Kaufer D, Soreq H. Tracking cholinergic pathways from psychological and chemical stressors to variable neurodeterioration paradigms. Curr Opin Neurol. 1999 Dec;12(6):739-43. Review.
  31. Lopez OL, Litvan I, Catt KE, Stowe R, Klunk W, Kaufer DI, Becker JT, DeKosky ST. Accuracy of four clinical diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias. Neurology. 1999 Oct 12;53(6):1292-9.
  32. Kaufer D, Friedman A, Seidman S, Soreq H. Anticholinesterases induce multigenic transcriptional feedback response suppressing cholinergic neurotransmission. Chem Biol Interact. 1999 May 14;119-120:349-60.
  33. Friedman A, Kaufer D, Pavlovsky L, Soreq H. Cholinergic excitation induces activity-dependent electrophysiological and transcriptional responses in hippocampal slices.J Physiol Paris. 1998 Jun-Aug;92(3-4):329-35.
  34. Kaufer D, Friedman A, Seidman S, Soreq H Acute stress facilitates long-lasting changes in cholinergic gene expression. Nature. 1998 May 28;393(6683):373-7.
  35. Cummings JL, Kaufer D. Neuropsychiatric aspects of Alzheimer's disease: the cholinergic hypothesis revisited. Neurology. 1996 Oct;47(4):876-83. Review.
  36. Puri BK, Counsell SJ, Zaman R, Main J, Collins AG, Hajnal JV, Davey NJ .Relative increase in choline in the occipital cortex in chronic fatigue syndrome. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002 Sep;106(3):224-6.
  37. Khan F, Kennedy G, Spence VA, Newton DJ, Belch JJ. Peripheral cholinergic function in humans with chronic fatigue syndrome, gulf war syndrome, and with illness following organophosphate exposure.
    Clin Sci (Lond). 2003 Sep 23 [Epub ahead of print]
  38. Spence VA, Khan F, Belch JJ. Enhanced sensitivity of the peripheral cholinergic vascular response in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med. 2000 Jun 15;108(9):736-9. No abstract available.
  39. Narita M, Nishigami N, Narita N, Yamaguti K, Okado N, Watanabe Y, Kuratsune H. Association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Nov 14;311(2):264-6.
  40. Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Fatigue in neurological disorders. Lancet. 2004 Mar 20;363(9413):978-88. Review.
  41. Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy in chronic fatigue syndrome. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2004 Sep;71(3):181-3.
  42. Naschitz JE, Rosner I, Rozenbaum M, Fields M, Isseroff H, Babich JP, Zuckerman E, Elias N, Yeshurun D, Naschitz S, Sabo E. Patterns of cardiovascular reactivity in disease diagnosis. QJM. 2004 Mar;97(3):141-51.
  43. Naschitz JE, Rosner I, Rozenbaum M, Naschitz S, Musafia-Priselac R, Shaviv N, Fields M, Isseroff H, Zuckerman E, Yeshurun D, Sabo E. The head-up tilt test with haemodynamic instability score in diagnosing chronic fatigue syndrome. QJM. 2003 Feb;96(2):133-42.
  44. Yamamoto Y, LaManca JJ, Natelson BH. A measure of heart rate variability is sensitive to orthostatic challenge in women with chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2003 Feb;228(2):167-74.
  45. Naschitz JE, Sabo E, Naschitz S, Rosner I, Rozenbaum M, Fields M, Isseroff H, Priselac RM, Gaitini L, Eldar S, Zukerman E, Yeshurun D, Madelain F, Isseroff H. Hemodynamics instability score in chronic fatigue syndrome and in non-chronic fatigue syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Dec;32(3):141-8.Erratum in: Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Apr;32(5):343 Madelain, Fields [corrected to Feilds Madeline]; Hillel, Isseroff [corrected to Isseroff Hillel].
  46. Naschitz JE, Sabo E, Naschitz S, Rosner I, Rozenbaum M, Priselac RM, Gaitini L, Zukerman E, Yeshurun D. Fractal analysis and recurrence quantification analysis of heart rate and pulse transit time for diagnosing chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2002 Aug;12(4):264-72.
  47. Timmers HJ, Wieling W, Soetekouw PM, Bleijenberg G, Van Der Meer JW, Lenders JW. Hemodynamic and neurohumoral responses to head-up tilt in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Clin Auton Res. 2002 Aug;12(4):273-80.
  48. Poole J, Herrell R, Ashton S, Goldberg J, Buchwald D. Results of isoproterenol tilt table testing in monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Arch Intern Med. 2000 Dec 11-25;160(22):3461-8
  49. Stewart JM. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in adolescents with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by attenuated vagal baroreflex and potentiated sympathetic vasomotion. Pediatr Res. 2000 Aug;48(2):218-26.
  50. Stewart JM, Gewitz MH, Weldon A, Munoz J. Patterns of orthostatic intolerance: the orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and adolescent chronic fatigue. J Pediatr. 1999 Aug;135(2 Pt 1):218-25.
  51. Stewart JM, Gewitz MH, Weldon A, Arlievsky N, Li K, Munoz J. Orthostatic intolerance in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome. Pediatrics. 1999 Jan;103(1):116-21.
  52. Stewart J, Weldon A, Arlievsky N, Li K, Munoz J. Neurally mediated hypotension and autonomic dysfunction measured by heart rate variability during head-up tilt testing in children with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 1998 Aug;8(4):221-30.
  53. Schondorf R, Benoit J, Wein T, Phaneuf D. Orthostatic intolerance in the chronic fatigue syndrome. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1999 Feb 15;75(2-3):192-201.
  54. Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy in chronic fatigue syndrome. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2004 Sep;71(3):181-3.
  55. Cleare AJ, Messa C, Rabiner EA, Grasby PM. Brain 5-HT1A receptor binding in chronic fatigue syndrome measured using positron emission tomography and [11C]WAY-100635. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Feb 1;57(3):239-46.

15.Mycoplasma/candida

  1. Vojdani A, Choppa PC, Tagle C, Andrin R, Samimi B, Lapp CW. Detection of Mycoplasma genus and Mycoplasma fermentans by PCR in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 1998 Dec;22(4):355-65.
  2. Choppa PC, Vojdani A, Tagle C, Andrin R, Magtoto L. Multiplex PCR for the detection of Mycoplasma fermentans, M. hominis and M. penetrans in cell cultures and blood samples of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Mol Cell Probes. 1998 Oct;12(5):301-8.
  3. Nicolson GL et al. Role of mycoplasma infections in Fatigue illnesses: Chronic fatigue and Fibromyalgia syndromes, Gulf war illness and Rheumatoid arthritis. J. of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Vol 6(3/4) 2000 page 23-40
  4. Nasralla M, Haier J, Nicolson GL. Multiple mycoplasmal infections detected in blood of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1999 Dec;18(12):859-65.
  5. Komaroff AL, Bell DS, Cheney PR, Lo SC. Absence of antibody to Mycoplasma fermentans in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 1993 Dec;17(6):1074-5. No abstract available.
  6. Vojdani A, Rahimian P, Kalhor H, Mordechai E. Immunological cross reactivity between Candida albicans and human tissue. J Clin Lab Immunol. 1996;48(1):1-15.
  7. Bottero P, Role of Rickettsiae and Chlamydiae in the psychopathology of CFS patients: A diagnostic and therapeutic report. J. of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Vol 6(3/4) 2000 page 147-162
  8. Bendjennat M, Blanchard A, Loutfi M, Montagnier L, Bahraoui E. Role of Mycoplasma penetrans endonuclease P40 as a potential pathogenic determinant. Infect Immun. 1999 Sep;67(9):4456-62.